Botox Consultation Experts

Botox Consultation Experts

Botox pre-treatment care

How can we ensure your Botox treatment is as safe and effective as possible? We're not just about providing a service; we're about creating an experience. Learn more about Botox Consultation Experts here Understanding that each client's needs and concerns are unique, they take the time to listen, consult, and tailor treatments that best suit individual goals and expectations. One client shared, 'Before Botox, I constantly looked tired, no matter how rested I was. We've also partnered with reputable financing companies to offer flexible payment plans.
We believe in providing value and exceptional service, making your experience as comfortable and satisfying as possible. By sticking to these before and after care tips, we're confident you'll love your refreshed look. That's why we offer a variety of payment options.

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After receiving Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co., it's crucial to follow a tailored skincare regimen to ensure optimal results and skin health.
This effect is temporary, lasting about 3 to 6 months, depending on various factors such as the area treated, the individual's skin type, and lifestyle. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to providing an experience that's as exceptional as the results we deliver. It's also a good idea to stay clear of any products or treatments that might irritate your skin. Our approach at Manhas Health Co.

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involves a thorough consultation to understand each client's aesthetic goals.
First, it's essential to avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours before your session. Sun protection is another key aspect we never overlook. Once we've established a treatment plan tailored just for you, we'll schedule your first session.

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Our clients' satisfaction is our top priority, and we go the extra mile to ensure that every visit is a positive experience.

This ensures that our treatment plans aren't only effective but also safe for each individual. It's all about creating a comfortable, informed experience that leaves you feeling confident and looking your best. It's also the perfect time to discuss your medical history and any potential impacts on your treatment plan. Building on our commitment to your satisfaction, we equally prioritize your safety with rigorous standards and personalized care in every cosmetic Botox procedure. It's all about embracing beauty with confidence, knowing that the results will stand the test of time.

The procedure itself is quick, usually taking no more than 20 minutes. Our team's extensive knowledge in cosmetic Botox treatments guarantees you receive the most effective solutions tailored to your unique needs and desires. You'll find a comprehensive calendar displaying available slots. We're committed to providing expert care, utilizing the latest techniques to deliver safe, effective cosmetic Botox solutions.

Before your appointment, we recommend avoiding alcohol and blood-thinning medications like aspirin for a few days to reduce the risk of bruising. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to your well-being, starting with a comprehensive consultation to assess your suitability for Botox.

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We also recommend avoiding strenuous activities and keeping your head elevated to reduce any potential swelling. Botox pre-treatment care Our practitioners are highly trained and experienced, focusing on precise application to maximize benefits while minimizing side effects.

Essentially, Botox temporarily relaxes facial muscles, smoothing out wrinkles and preventing the formation of new ones. Our approach is holistic and patient-centered. Understanding how Botox works is crucial to setting realistic expectations. Join us as we uncover the magic behind Botox and discover why so many are turning to this revolutionary treatment to help them look and feel their best.

Botox Consultation in New Westminster Area

Richard Clement Moody arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, at the head of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, having been hand picked to "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific".  Moody "wanted to build a city of beauty in the wilderness" and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, "styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe  Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland and selected the site and founded the new capital, New Westminster. Moody and the Royal Engineers were trained in settlement and selected the site because of its defensibility: it was farther from the American border than the site of the colony's proclamation, Fort Langley, possessed "great facilities for communication by water, as well as by future great trunk railways into the interior and possessed an excellent port  Moody was also struck by the majestic beauty of the site, writing in his letter to Blackwood:

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Botox Consultations for Skin Rejuvenation New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Glenbrook Ravine Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Glenbrook Ravine Park, 76 Jamieson Ct, New Westminster, BC V3L 5M7
Forested park featuring walking trails through wilderness areas & landscaped spaces.

Queen's Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Queen's Park, 3rd Ave, New Westminster, BC V3M 1V2
All-ages public area with playgrounds, spray park & petting farm plus artificial-turf sports field.

Queens Park Rose Garden

Tourist attraction, Garden
Queens Park Rose Garden, New Westminster, BC

Hume Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Hume Park, 660 E Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3L 3Y2
Charming, amenity-rich community park featuring open green spaces, playing fields, a dog run & more.

Tipperary Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Tipperary Park, 315 Queens Ave, New Westminster, BC V3L 1K1
Plant-filled picnic & recreational area at City Hall with ponds, public art & tennis courts.

Citations and other links

Positive Botox Reviews Botox Consultation Experts

They're not just seeing changes in the mirror; they're experiencing a transformation in how they present themselves to the world. At Manhas Health Co., our expertise in delivering high-quality Cosmetic Botox services sets us apart in the wellness industry. We're committed to providing a comfortable, welcoming environment where our clients can discuss their aesthetic goals. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more vibrant and self-assured. Cosmetic Botox, widely recognized for its ability to smooth wrinkles, is a minimally invasive treatment that's revolutionized facial rejuvenation.
It's all part of how we ensure your experience is seamless and stress-free. Choosing Manhas Health Co. Botox pricing New Westminster means opting for quality, care, and a team that genuinely values your well-being. Botox therapy New Westminster Moreover, we pride ourselves on using the latest techniques and highest quality products. Botox's versatility shines through in its application across various facial areas, directly targeting the muscles responsible for wrinkles and fine lines.
We'll provide a detailed consultation to assess your needs and give you a precise quote before proceeding. Read more about Botox Consultation Experts here We take every precaution to minimize risks, starting with a thorough consultation to ensure Botox is suitable for you.

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Next, we've expanded our services to include Botox for crow's feet. We then craft a personalized treatment plan, ensuring the results align with their desires.
Just select the service you're interested in, choose a time that fits your schedule, and you're all set. Our dedication to offering personalized care is unmatched. We can't wait to welcome you and embark on this journey together.s the old saying goes, 'beauty is in the eye of the beholder,' but at Manhas Health Co., we believe that feeling good about oneself starts from within. Our initial consultation is a critical step where we discuss your aesthetic goals and assess your facial structure to recommend the most effective treatment approach.

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Botox Consultation Appointment

Botox Consultation Appointment

We understand the importance of individualized care. We're committed to ensuring our clients at Manhas Health Co. understand both the advantages and the risks. However, we're here to assure you that when administered by our skilled professionals, Botox enhances natural beauty without altering facial expressions. Many share stories of newfound confidence and joy in their appearance, praising not just the results but the care and professionalism they encountered at Manhas Health Co. This ensures we're on the same page and can tailor the treatment to your specific needs.

Lastly, applying a cold pack to the treated areas can help reduce any swelling or bruising. We're proud to say that our team's commitment to excellence doesn't stop at their technical skills. Cosmetic injections Whether you're looking to smooth out fine lines and wrinkles, reduce excessive sweating, or treat chronic migraines, we've got you covered. Before we begin any treatment, we conduct a thorough consultation to understand your medical history and any potential risks specific to you.

By choosing Manhas Health Co for your Botox treatments, you're not just getting a service; you're receiving a customized care plan designed with your unique beauty in mind. I didn't think such a quick procedure could make me feel so refreshed and youthful.” New Westminster anti-wrinkle solutions This kind of testimonial is exactly what we aim for - real results that you can see and feel. We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best, and we're here to guide you every step of the way. We can't wait to meet you and start this journey together.

We're here to accommodate your schedule and answer any preliminary questions you might've about cosmetic Botox and what it can do for you. We've made the process as simple and hassle-free as possible, ensuring you're on your way to a fresher, more youthful look without any stress. The procedure is quick, with minimal discomfort, and there's no downtime, meaning you can get back to your daily routine immediately. We understand that everyone's skin is unique, which is why we offer personalized consultations.

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This means we're not just focused on reducing wrinkles; we're dedicated to enhancing your confidence and quality of life. It's a powerful tool in our wellness services because it directly addresses the concerns many have about aging, without the need for extensive surgery or downtime. I'm truly grateful.'Another said, 'The difference is remarkable. We believe in transparency and making sure you're fully informed and comfortable with your decisions. We're proud to say that every member of our team isn't just highly trained in their field, but also passionately committed to providing the best possible care and results for our clients.

Why choose Manhas Health Co., you might ask? However, the true essence of our approach and the breadth of services available is something best appreciated firsthand. It's this meticulous approach that guarantees our clients' safety and satisfaction. We've dedicated ourselves to not just meeting, but exceeding the expectations of our clients, ensuring each experience is tailored to their individual needs.

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This helps prevent spreading the Botox to unintended muscles. Beyond our expertise and quality products, we've created a welcoming and comfortable environment where you can feel relaxed and cared for. It's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that we've mastered at Manhas Health Co., ensuring our clients receive the best possible care. Let's clear this up-most clients report a quick, mild discomfort at most.

Moreover, for those experiencing chronic migraines, Botox has been a beacon of hope. Unlike some cosmetic procedures that require frequent touch-ups, Botox provides a more enduring solution to wrinkles and fine lines, allowing our clients to enjoy their youthful appearance for months at a time. The reason? We've seen firsthand how it transforms not just appearances but also boosts confidence and self-esteem.

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Botox for Frown Lines Botox Consultation Experts
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Firstly, our team consists of highly trained professionals who specialize in cosmetic Botox procedures. It's important to us that you feel informed and comfortable before proceeding. Our team at Manhas Health Co. is dedicated to transparency. Botox for women We start by examining your skin and discussing your aesthetic goals.

Instead, we listen to your concerns, assess your facial structure, and recommend treatments that target your specific needs. Botox for static wrinkles Should you need to reschedule, it's hassle-free. They motivate us to continue offering high-quality, transformative cosmetic Botox treatments to all our clients.

Moreover, we pride in our transparent communication. But the advantages don't stop at aesthetics. Botox injectors New Westminster Should you have any questions or concerns during your recovery, we're here to support you.

It's like I've found a piece of myself I thought was lost.'Another said, 'I was skeptical about getting Botox, worried about looking 'unnatural.' But the team at Manhas Health Co. listened to my concerns, crafted a personalized plan, and the results are astonishing. Unlike surgical procedures, Botox treatments don't require significant downtime. Botox for aging prevention Whether it's crow's feet, forehead lines, or frown lines that bother you, we've got the expertise to address those concerns.

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We're here to help you feel and look your best, providing personalized consultations to discuss your specific concerns and desired outcomes. Choosing Manhas Health Co for your cosmetic Botox needs ensures you're opting for unparalleled expertise and personalized care. That's why we offer customized treatment plans tailored specifically to your goals and concerns. This relaxation of the muscles leads to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. We've seen firsthand the joy that comes from our clients seeing their refreshed appearances for the first time.
We prioritize your health and satisfaction above all, ensuring every visit leaves you feeling better, more confident, and satisfied with your results. Our team has worked tirelessly to develop these offerings, ensuring they meet the high standards our clients have come to expect from us.

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Our journey into the world of personalized Botox strategies isn't just about aesthetic enhancement-it's a testament to the art and science of skincare. These typically subside within a few days.
Once you've found a time that suits you, click on it and fill in your details. We've also heard, “I was skeptical about getting Botox, but seeing the natural-looking results, I'm so glad I did. We use only the highest quality, FDA-approved Botox products and maintain a sterile environment to prevent any risk of infection. Our aim is to help you achieve a refreshed, more youthful appearance that still looks like you.
We'll guide you through the entire process, from initial consultation to post-treatment care, ensuring you're comfortable and informed every step of the way. We understand that our clients lead busy lives, and finding time for cosmetic treatments can sometimes be challenging. Our team of experts isn't only highly trained in the latest Botox techniques but also deeply committed to your safety and satisfaction. One of the most appealing aspects of undergoing Botox at Manhas Health Co. is the minimal downtime required, allowing clients to quickly resume their daily activities.

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Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

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The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

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A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

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Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

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Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

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Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

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Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

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Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

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Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

In general, a filler is something that is used to fill gaps. Specialized meanings include:

Materials

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  • Filler (animal food), dietary fiber and other ingredients added to pet foods to provide bulk
  • Filler (materials), particles added to a matrix material, usually to improve its properties
  • Filler (packaging), a machine designed to fill packaging, usually occurs in food packaging
  • Filler metal, metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering
  • Grain filler, a product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish
  • Injectable filler, a soft tissue filler injected into the skin to help fill in facial wrinkles
  • Star filler, a plastic insert in computer cables which separates wires

Media and entertainment

[edit]
  • Filler (media), in television and other media, material that exists outside the story arc to pad out other material
  • "Filler", song by hardcore punk band Minor Threat, from their debut E.P.

Other uses

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See also

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